Essay Gender and Sexuality - 1240 Words

Gender has been around throughout history; however, within recent years, gender has separated itself from the traditional view of sex, e.i., male or female, and has become centered on ones masculinity or femininity. Of course gender is more than just ones masculinity or femininity, gender has become a way for one to describe, he or she, in a way in which they are different from everyone else. Gender has turned into a sense of identity, a way for one to feel different and fulfilled among all of those around them. Of course gender’s sense of freedom would seem outside of structure and only affected by one’s own agency, however, structure is a key component in establishing gender. We can look into both ethnic Mexican’s†¦show more content†¦Staying a virgin until marriage is a gender role that is strongly focused on women only, and lets men slide. Women who do lose their virginity before marriage were seen as a disgrace to their family, as Lopez-Gonzalez wri tes, women’s â€Å"fear of family condemnation surpassed the fear of God,† thus, women became forced to accept this role and maintain virginity (44). While virginity was kept out of fear for some women, a larger part of keeping virginity was a man’s view of â€Å"clean† and â€Å"unclean† women. A virgin in society is able to progress farther, as marriage is her only chance at mobility. Non-virgins were seen as used, unclean, and they were considered undesirable partners as men did not want â€Å"a piece of bread that has been touched by others hands† (Lopez-Gonzalez 45). Through this women were more or less forced to remain virgins until marriage unless they wanted to give up any chance at social mobility and marrying a respectable man. Therefore, because of ethnic Mexicans’ view of virgins and non-virgins women are forced to maintain their virginity until marriage in order to be respected and accepted by their family, the church, and society as a whole. While one can argue that the women are choosing to maintain their virginity, and that agency is entirely at work, they fail to see that is cult ural practices and acceptance that force women to maintain their virginity. These practices maintained by ethnic Mexicans allow for structureShow MoreRelatedGender, Gender And Sexuality Essay1748 Words   |  7 PagesIt has been discussed in the class lectures that Women and Gender Studies challenge the idea of whose knowledge is privileged or valued. The article â€Å"Doing Gender, Doing Class† serves as a great example to ask that question in regards to the expression of gender and sexuality, and how those two are heavily influenced by the social class construct. Trautner argues that â€Å"gender in organizations interacts with other major features of stratification - such as class and race - to construct unique organizationalRead MoreGender, Gender And Sexuality Essay1295 Words   |  6 PagesGender and Sexuality Gender and sexuality are problematically understood and represented in Australian classrooms because of the presence of gender bias and the marginalisation of sexually diverse students, which reflects the patriarchal society that we live in. It is important to acknowledge that issues related to gender and sexuality are not just issues for older children and teenagers. They are just as applicable to young children who are at a very impressionable and susceptible stage of theirRead MoreGender Roles : Gender And Sexuality1319 Words   |  6 Pages In today’s society, new terminology surrounding gender and sexuality are constantly be added or updated. Upon learning more about the varying types of individuals as well as society becoming more accepting of the alternate varieties of gender roles, it is important for all to be able to keep up with it. For starters, gender refers to the femininity or masculinity of an individual through the social, and cultural characteristics associa ted with the biological sex (Yarber, p. 125). Additionally, thereRead MoreThe Body, Gender, And Sexuality964 Words   |  4 PagesAllise Sellers Unit 2 Reading Response The body, gender, and sexuality are intertwined concepts that have been simplified to a point that attempts to explain each of these characteristic constructs purely through biology. However, ignoring the social implications in various cultures takes away from the complex analysis these foundational human descriptors actually deserve. In the writings of R.W. Connell, Suzanne Kessler, S.E. Smith, Lisa Wade, Riki Wilchins, and Patricia Hill Collins, these authorsRead MoreGender, Sex, And Sexuality1363 Words   |  6 PagesJones Mr.DiGulio Honor Freshman English-3 26 April 2016 Gender, Sex, and Sexuality Gender, sex, and sexuality are not new concepts in today’s society. These three terms have been around for a long time, but they have only just started to surface and be taught and understood by the nation. Slowly society is learning that sex does not determine one’s sexual orientation and gender and who you are is nothing to be ashamed about. A person’s sexuality has been with them ever since and before they were bornRead MoreThe Issue Of Gender And Sexuality Essay1398 Words   |  6 Pagesdifferent is based on genetics. Having a different view of oneself’s gender is not always a choice. It is considerably something that is known right away and is usually not second guessed then there are no decision to be made about whether they are choosing to be that way or not. Genetics decides eye color, hair color, and facial features, so accordingly it would most likely decide the decisions and views on gender and sexuality. In reality, it is often overlooked that genetics play a massive roleRead MoreSex, Gender, And Sexuality1490 Words   |  6 PagesSex, gender, and sexuality are words that are constantly are been not understood properly and also misused by societies. But scholars through research and history have come up with basic ways to distinguish what each term means. Starting with the term sex, sex is know n as a biological structure of a person (Renzetti 2). There also is another way that sex defined, some believe that the definition of is the meaning the society and each individual gave it, â€Å"or the various ways we express our sexualRead MoreSexuality and Gender: Foucaults Construction of Sexuality1458 Words   |  6 PagesSexuality and gender: Foucaults construction of sexuality According to Foucaults theory of sexuality, both heterosexuality and homosexuality are constructs, rather than are ideas that are innately part of the individuals genetic makeup or sexuality. Before the 19th century mania for classifying persons and documenting medical disorders, there were only homosexual acts. Now, there are homosexual persons because of the medicalization of the language of homosexuality. Heterosexuality was alsoRead MoreGender and Sexuality in Culture1053 Words   |  5 Pagesfields made information available through ethnographic readings and studies. A key inquiry anthropologists seek to answer is the distinction between and role of sex, gender, and sexuality within each separate culture. Y The Last Man and other ethnographic texts connect culture, its language, and the formation of gender, sex, and sexuality roles in any given society. Y The Last Man begins with Yorick, a young man who lives and works at home talking to his girlfriend, Beth. Yorick is working out whileRead MoreExploitation Of Gender And Sexuality963 Words   |  4 PagesExploitation of Gender and Sexuality in Ex Machina The ever-evolving cinematic myth of Frankenstein has been recreated in various forms that parallel Mary Shelley’s original novel. Director Alex Garland transforms the cinemyth as a modern interpretation in the film Ex Machina through the character, Nathan, and his AI machines. The tensions of their relationship highlight the notorious creator/created dynamic of the cinemyth. Through the rapport between the main characters, Nathan and Caleb, and the

Immigration And The Pillars Of Freedom - 706 Words

Lahari Pathivada Dr. Restivo AP English Language Arts 6 19 October 2014 Immigration or Violation Born upon the pillars of freedom, America is known as a nation immigrants and these immigrants roughly take up 13% of the population (Migration Policy). In recent years, immigrants have been treated harshly and have felt unwelcomed in the land of the free and these immigrants have come to find an opportunity in America that they could not find in their own country. American citizens believe the immigrants are hurting the economy. They believe there should be a limit on the number of immigrants that are coming to America, but if American dream is the nation. .of immigrants,why is it restricted? Therefore, immigrants should be able to move to America, if the reason for migration is valid. Immigrants have made a major impact on the wages in the past several years. Most people against immigration argue that wages have dropped. But between 1990 and 2006, immigration to the US actually drove up wages for native-born Americans (Bustle). Since the immigrants and nati ve born workers do not compete for the same jobs immigrants do not have a direct negative impact limit the usage of quotation marks and paraphrase instead. on the wages (American Progress). Immigrants have little to no effect on American workers’ earnings, and therefore, a common citizen does not have to worry about any labor market competition.. In an instance where immigrants and native-borns areShow MoreRelatedThe European Union : The New Era Of Integration1744 Words   |  7 Pagesadmiration, the European Union has received vast criticism from its own citizenry for the EU’s handling of immigration, specifically migrants of the Arabic ethnicity and/or followers of Islam. The Great Migration epidemic sweeping Europe is reconfiguring the European continent with individual member states drastically varying in opinions of their favorability or intolerance towards immigration. I argue that polarization within the EU has worsened because of varying passionate opinions about migrantsRead MoreEuropean Integration And The European Union3311 Words   |  14 Pagescame across the issue of justice and home affairs (JHA) and to what extant it had dictation over its member states’ borders. As the European Community and later the European Union established and expanded its policies over issues such as asylum, immigration and police, judicial cooperation, many began to criticize the European Union saying it was relinquishing the sovereignty of its member states. 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Yet it is the European Parliament that is seen as perhaps the most successful institution in this particular â€Å"pillar†, because the European Court of Justice, as well as the Commission have seemingly lost some of their powe rs. Another significant aspect from within this pillar is the rather unclear ‘principleRead MoreTranscendentalism In Walt Whitmans A Song Of Myself1073 Words   |  5 PagesTranscendentalism. This is best exemplified in the writing of Walt Whitman. In his poem, â€Å"A Song of Myself†, Whitman truly heralded a new brand of American exceptionalism. He championed the individual and created a work that exemplified the common man as the pillar of the American dream. Yet he also explained that Americans are what make up the county and the culture. 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Furthermore, I claim that America has built itself as an exceptional global empire, through politicalRead MoreGlobal Governance Is A Set Of Coercive Norms, Principles, And Decisions1531 Words   |  7 Pagesentered into force on 01 November 1993, creating three pillars including the Justice and Home Affairs pillar (JHA) having for mission to ensure freedom, security and justice but in particular JHA has become a crucial political tool in terms of border control, asylum, tackling illegal migration, combating terrorism and with the judicial and legal implications of rising cross-border movement. Through the years JHA developed its own EU common immigration and border control policy towards the non EU countriesRead MoreImmigration Control And National Homeland Security1491 Words   |  6 Pages Since the terrorist attacks of September 11th, 2001, immigration control and national homeland security have been issues of concern for both the national government and private citizens. In the wake of the attacks, a lot of articles were written about what the appropriate response should be to prevent another attack. In 2004, Mark Krikorian wrote an article for the Providence Journal entitled â€Å"Safety through Immigration Control† in which he contends that the only means to keep America safe fromRead MoreThe Crisis of Islam: Holy War and Unholy Terror by Bernard Lewis1335 Words   |  6 Pagesmessages and revelations have been partially misinterpreted or altered over time with evolving cultures and translating languages, but consider the Arabic Quran to be the unaltered and final revelation of Allah. The religion is practiced with the five pillars of Islam, which are basic concepts and required acts of worship. The first is, testifying to Gods One-ness: The declaration Th ere is no God but Allah and Muhammad is His prophet. The second is, Prayer. Prayer must happen at least five times a dayRead MoreRelationship Between Homeland Security And Homeland Defense1261 Words   |  6 PagesTerrorism has plagued the modern world, so stopping it has always been at the forefront of homeland security. Along with this we see homeland security take on other missions such as counter-drug operations, preventing the spread of nuclear material, immigration regulation, and securing the borders. When we examine the spectrum of how we deal with threats to the United States, we see that homeland security leans more to the criminal aspect side. We see this with the Department of Homeland Security taking

Organizational Behavior At Work Samples †MyAssignmenthelp.com

Question: Discuss about the Organizational Behavior At Work. Answer: Behavior at work Attitude decides the behavior at work. Attitude can give negative and in addition negative effect on the individual's behavior. The individual who has an uplifting state of mind can work in compelling way. The representatives working in the association ought to have positive attitude with the goal that they can work in efficient way and can make positive environment. Attitude impact the conduct of the behavior who is working in the organization environment. The attitude specifically or indirectly influences the individual's conduct. In the event that the state of mind of the individual is in constructive way then the individual can undoubtedly impact in positive route to the colleagues and furthermore can work with an uplifting mentality. It is the state of mind that supports the representatives working in the association to impact a persons behavior. These positive attitudes are regularly appeared in a man's conduct; people with a decent state of mind are profitable and do what they can to improve the level of satisfaction of the people around them (Kleebbua and Siriparp, 2016). On the off chance that the individual have negative state of mind then it is not possible to work in effective way. There are many conditions in which the attitude of an individual is determined at the work environment. The factor that ought to be considered is simply the association and furthermore the fulfillment level of the people. It is mostly observed that the individual with a positive behavior can work with full devotion and can without much of a stretch accomplish the objectives and targets of the firm in viable way. An organization will ensure that there is a soul of collaboration and feeling among individual and company (Bissing?Olson,Iyer, Fielding and Zacher,2013). Importance of attitude for a person Attitude is a vital factor that plays an important part in a person's life. There are two parts of state of mind positive and negative. An uplifting state of mind is a liberal one and it spreads bliss in the surrounding while the negative attitude transforms a point into the evil presence. It relies upon the limit of the individual to deal with any circumstance if the individual is profoundly energetic and excited then they can achieve success. In any person is not daring they may surrender in such circumstance; these individuals are not able to achieve success. Such individuals may impact others also not so task that are complicated. In this manner, for each individual to have an effective existence there is a need to create a positive attitude (Adham, 2017).Yet, in such circumstances likewise never go negative, one can remain impartial and make a decent attempt to roll out specific improvements to the degree it is conceivable. Attitude is utilized as a part of the work environment to impact other individuals. The representatives with an inspirational state of mind are thought to be the diamond for the association in light of the fact that they impact the working of others too. Such workers spread liberality and positive vitality in the environment (Centerod, 2012). The chief with the great conduct and satisfying identity conveys an unassuming disposition and they are best pioneers as they tune in to the issue of representatives and attempt the best to comprehend the objection. Likewise, they go about as the mediator for the organization to determine issues between the partners. The human asset administrator of an organization needs tolerance and quiet identity as they are the one that tackles the problem and handle the problems of the workers and manage many individuals on the regular schedule. Consequently, the state of mind of the individual varies from individual to individual, association to association and in conclusion position to position (Miner, 2015) . Higher the post a man holds in the work environment greater inspiration they have to convey with the goal that they could be set for instance and goes about as the good example in the organization. It not just influences the state of mind, conduct and identity of other individuals yet in addition upgrades a man into a superior individual. Organizational commitment and Job satisfaction Job satisfaction is the consequence of uplifting positive attitude and emotions that a man relates to them in connection to their employment. If the worker is very dedicated towards the work there will be work fulfillment (Temminck, Mearns and Fruhen, 2015).Occupation fulfillment is not associated with how huge the organization is but rather it relies upon how much the worker is keen on the employment and what all would they be able to add to the organization and in self-improvement. Those representatives that are recently working yet are not inspired by their position and exercises they perform, such workers contains negative state of mind towards work and this sort of circumstance is of employment disappointment. Organizational commitment is the association of a representative inside the specific organization (Dhar, 2015).The worker feels associated with the association and there is a feeling of belongingness among the representatives. The representatives enthusiastically contribut e towards the objective of the association and draw in themselves in obtaining quality execution to expand the goodwill of the undertaking. At the point when the representative is submitted towards the association concurrent development of manager, worker and association happen (Blaskova, Bizik and Jankal, 2015). Organizational commitment is proportionate to work fulfillment, if the worker is happy with their occupation and profoundly energetic to perform better each day then it is probably going to remain focused on the business and their association. The disappointed representative could never hold fast to the association for the more drawn out timeframe .Representative responsibility contains three characteristics and that are affective, continuance and normative commitment. Continuance responsibility is a positive duty which is mentally identified with the association. Continuation duty is worried about the cost that is caused on leaving the association, as nature called it as the negative responsibility that holds the representative and in conclusion the standardizing duty includes saw commitment that has suggestions on the association and they are certain in nature (Bissing?Olson, Iyer, Fielding and Zacher, 2013). For example, in an organization where the staff comprise greater part of male hopeful over female competitors and benefit to the male is given then the female workers couldn't connect themselves with the association which loses the dedication and holding with the association and disappointment increments. This may bring about a high turnover of female representatives in the association. The female competitors were far more productive than the male hopefuls and this may bring about loss of the organization's effectiveness because of the segregation procedure going on. Occupation fulfillment is critical for the improvement of the association, if there is absence of employment fulfillment there are chances that low authoritative responsibility will be there. The mentality towards work ought to likewise be focused if the representative's state of mind towards the work is certain then high occupation fulfillment will be recorded which would finally prompt better hierarchical duty. In this way endeavors should be made to fulfill representatives that should be possible by expanding the enthusiasm to work which would upgrade the enthusiasm towards the employment and proper preparing project will naturally enhance the dedication towards the company (Canrinus, Helms-Lorenz, Beijaard, Buitink and Hofman, 2012). Responsibility of the manager to enhance commitment It is observed that organizational duty and employment fulfillment is interrelated. If the representative is happy with the occupation then it is seen that worker concentrates on responsibility towards the work. It is the responsibility of the manager to improve the working example of the representatives. The manager should motivate the representatives to work productively then the dedication can be improved of the worker towards the work. Inspiration is additionally considered as a vital component to improve the level of duty of the representative towards the association. Motivation improves the capability of the representatives and furthermore upgrades the profits of the firm. Duty of the staff can be upgraded when the representatives are inspired by the directors to work with dedication (Donagan,2017).It is seen by thinking about the present situation that most recent innovation finishes half of the work in rapid way. In this manner Human resource are basic pieces of the associati on. Nobody can replace the work done by Humans. Along these lines to upgrade the aptitudes and capability of the workers the organization should give legitimate preparing to the representatives with the goal that they can perform best to accomplish objectives and targets. The fundamental duty of the director is to execute the motivational hypothesis in powerful way with the goal that the representatives can be held in the association. The efforts that are made by the managers result in the association duty and in work fulfillment. So the managers so concentrate on enhancing the capability of the employees so that the organization can easily achieve goals and targets. It is essential to take into consideration the performance made by each and every employee, so that corrective steps can be taken to improve it in effective manner (Truelove, Carrico, Weber, Raimi and Vandenbergh, 2014). References Adham. A., 2017, Employee involvement and its impact on job satisfaction and organisational commitment, International Journal of Sciences: Basic and Applied Research, vol.35, no. 3, p.p. 368-400. Bissing?Olson, M.J., Iyer, A., Fielding, K.S. and Zacher, H., 2013. Relationships between daily affect and pro?environmental behavior at work: The moderating role of pro?environmental attitude.Journal of Organizational Behavior,34(2), pp.156-175. Bissing?Olson, M.J., Iyer, A., Fielding, K.S. and Zacher, H., 2013. Relationships between daily affect and pro?environmental behavior at work: The moderating role of pro?environmental attitude.Journal of Organizational Behavior,34(2), pp.156-175. Blaskova, M., Bizik, M. and Jankal, R., 2015. Model of decision making in motivating employees and managers.Engineering Economics,26(5), pp.517-529. Canrinus, E.T., Helms-Lorenz, M., Beijaard, D., Buitink, J. and Hofman, A., 2012, Self-efficacy, job satisfaction, motivation and commitment: Exploring the relationships between indicators of teachers professional identity, European journal of psychology of education, vol.27, no. 1, pp.115-132. Centerod, 2012, Seven ideas to get the most from your people, viewed on 7th September 2017, https://www.centerod.com/2012/02/getting-most-from-people/. Dhar, R.L., 2015. Service quality and the training of employees: The mediating role of organizational commitment.Tourism Management,46, pp.419-430. Donagan, A., 2017.Choice: The essential element in human action(Vol. 2). Taylor Francis Kleebbua, C. and Siriparp, T., 2016. Effects of Education and Attitude on Essential Learning Outcomes.Procedia-Social and Behavioral Sciences,217, pp.941-949. Miner, J.B., 2015.Organizational behavior 1: Essential theories of motivation and leadership. Routledge. Temminck, E., Mearns, K. and Fruhen, L., 2015. Motivating employees towards sustainable behaviour.Business Strategy and the Environment,24(6), pp.402-412. Truelove, H.B., Carrico, A.R., Weber, E.U., Raimi, K.T. and Vandenbergh, M.P., 2014. Positive and negative spillover of pro-environmental behavior: An integrative review and theoretical framework.Global Environmental Change,29, pp.127-138.

Symbolism In The Call Of The Wild free essay sample

Essay, Research Paper In Jack London s book, The Call of the Wild, he symbolizes many things in the book. Buck, gold pokes, Mercedes, and others are looked on as symbolic. In this essay, you will happen out what these points symbolize. The chief character in the book is Buck, a half St. Bernard, half Scotch shepherd Canis familiaris. In the narrative, he is betrayed by person he trusts and is thrown into a rough universe. A universe where you must work or be discarded. He adapts to the rough environment, and shortly plenty becomes the leader of a wolf battalion. Here London makes Buck a symbol of one that reaches full potency. Alternatively of lying about and making nil, he learns to work in a manner he doesn T cognize excessively good approximately. He learns to contend and/or steal his nutrient, if he didn T, he would hold starved to decease. We will write a custom essay sample on Symbolism In The Call Of The Wild or any similar topic specifically for you Do Not WasteYour Time HIRE WRITER Only 13.90 / page That is why Buck is portrayed as one who achieves full potency. Mercedes portrays the absolute antonym to Buck. She represents all that is weak in a civilised society. She can non populate without her cherished properties like her apparels. A bag of apparels would hold been suited for the trip, but she can non portion with her apparels, so she brings about all of them. She doesn t cognize how to walk. When Charles and Hal inquire her to acquire off the sled and hiking along, she refuses and has to be carried off and dropped. When Charles and Hal set up cantonment, they have to travel back and pick up Mercedes, who thinks she should be carried to Dawson City. Charles and Hal shou ldn Ts have brought her along, all she was a hinderance. Jack London creates a good description of what is weak in a civilised society. Buck was betrayed by a friend because person needed sled Canis familiariss to travel to the Yukon to mine for gold. Sacks of gold depict the thought of capitalist economy and the impermanent feeling of wealth. Buck would hold been happy at Judge Miller s estate if it weren T for the gold haste. Charles, Hal, and Mercedes wouldn Ts have died if they weren t seeking to travel to the Yukon to look for gold. Thornton and his cantonment wouldn T have been killed if they hadn t gone looking for gold. All of the characters would hold been better off if they hadn t got so avaricious and travel looking for gold. When Buck leaps and severs the jugular vena of the head of the Yeehat Indians, he kills him along with a figure of other Indians. The vena is yet another symbol. It symbolizes Buck s last tie with civilisation. John Thornton was the lone thing keeping Buck to the civilised universe. When he was killed by the Yeehats, Buck would now be a crude animate being. All he had to make was revenge the decease of the lone adult male he of all time loved, John Thornton. There are many other symbols in the book, these were merely the most obvious. I liked the book, it was good written in a clip I like to believe about. Jack London has written a good book about a Canis familiaris who has to accommodate to a new environment to last. But if you read it exhaustively you will happen many concealed messages and symbols.

Blood Trail Review Essay Example

Blood Trail Review Paper Essay on Blood Trail How much I have learned from this book about the country in which was born and live! It turns out that Ukraine is so big that it will not reach to even the British cops! Live in her beautiful, but very cruel man, who is constantly beaten and sold their women into sexual slavery. Yeah Yet Russia with its bears, balalaika, vodka and snowdrifts where as nice. Although no less severe:)  «Trail of Blood is not the first book Kitty Sewell, which I read. Her first novel, The Trap entered the list of the works nominated for the award fresh blood of the Association of Writers of criminal literature, won the BBC award Best in Wales Book of the Year and is recognized by the International Book Club (read by 25 million readers in 15 countries). Reading the Western I did not agree with the crime novel, but the book I liked, and is still remembered as a good example of prose of life  »  « trail of blood. - book more dramatic, but also more complicated in the definition of the genre. The main character of the novel Madeleine Frank psychoanalyst is interested in painting, and is engaged in the study of the life of ants. She goes to psychotherapy in the prison the murderer (which suggests the parallel with the Silence of the Lambs, although it is this line in the novel quite dim and indistinct), her mother Santerre (Cuban witch), having problems with the psyche, the daughter of However, I will not reveal all the plot twists and turns. There is also a love line, and melodramatic loss and finding the baby, witchcraft, a crime, a little erotica much humiliation, suffering and beatings. Since all men are bastards and parasites book, a novel, and rather in spite of everything a female. Though I can not say that very delighted with it. And I can not explain to me what exactly it was not enough, it may on the contrary, it was too a paradoxical mix of everything ants , the witch, the homeless, killer hurricanes Yes, and Ukraine a shame:) We will write a custom essay sample on Blood Trail Review specifically for you for only $16.38 $13.9/page Order now We will write a custom essay sample on Blood Trail Review specifically for you FOR ONLY $16.38 $13.9/page Hire Writer We will write a custom essay sample on Blood Trail Review specifically for you FOR ONLY $16.38 $13.9/page Hire Writer

Physical Therapists Essays

Physical Therapists Essays Physical Therapists Paper Physical Therapists Paper Physical Therapists are health care professionals who study and treat people with health problems that are caused from injury or disease. A Physical Therapists assess joint motion, muscle strength and endurance, function of heart and lungs, and performance of activities required in daily living. Physical Therapists can specialize in a few different areas. There is Rehabilitation, Community Health, Industry, Sports, Research, Education, and Administration. In Rehabilitation, Physical Therapists practice closely with other health care personnel in hospitals or rehabilitation centers to determine patients goals. They evaluate and assess patients recovering from injury, surgery, or disease, develop and implement treatment programs. They teach patients to use artificial limbs and other assistive devices. They also provide instruction and home programs to patients and their families to continue the recovery process once the patient is out of the Physical Therapists direct care. In Community Health, Physical Therapists deliver rehabilitative care in the home, teach prenatal and postnatal exercise classes, and screen, evaluate, and treat children in public schools. They also teach back-care classes to prevent back pain and injury. In Industry, Physical Therapists determine fitness requirements for specific jobs. They screen, evaluate, and assess employees conditions with respect to job-related physical needs. They identify potentially dangerous work sites, modify task performance to prevent job-related injuries, and provide treatment to injured workers. In Sports, Physical Therapists assess athletes performance abilities, condition athletes to improve performance, recommend assistive or safety equipment to reduce injuries, and develop fitness programs for all segments of the general public. In Research, Physical Therapists design, plan, conduct, and report studies in basic and clinical sciences that will lead to new knowledge, new technology, and increasingly more effective physical therapy patient care. In Education, Physical Therapists Develop skills to prepare students for careers in physical therapy and teach entry-level and graduate-level physical therapy students and other health care personal. They design, plan, conduct, and report on scholarly activities that contribute to new knowledge in the science and art of physical therapy. They also Participate in a variety of service activities in the university and community setting. In Administration, Physical Therapists manage physical therapy departments and clinics and provide consultative services to colleagues and health care providers. Many things must be done to become a physical therapist. In High school students should successfully complete courses in social sciences, biology, mathematics, physics, English, and chemistry. Students should learn the admissions requirements for accredited physical therapy programs and plan accordingly. They should volunteer or work in a local hospital or health care setting to strengthen interpersonal skills and develop an understanding of the needs and capabilities of patients and physical therapists. In college students should contact physical therapist education programs to learn what prerequisites are necessary for admission to their programs and for advice on other programs requirements, financial aid, and other support services. They should continue volunteer work in a department of physical therapy; find a physical therapist mentor; become familiar with issues related to the profession. They should also attend American Physical Therapy Association district/chapter meetings and get acquainted with members and leaders in the field. Students should take courses in psychology, biology, physics, statistics, chemistry, English, professional writing, and humanities. It is now required of students to pursue a postbaccalaureate degree in physical therapy which will take two more years in a physical therapy school. The starting salary in this career is approximately $55,000. There are really no advancement opportunities, but there are many different fields that someone can go into. Throughout the 75-year history of physical therapy in the US, there has been a shortage of qualified physical therapists. According to a report by Vector Research, the shortage for physical therapists was reached in 1998. But, as a consequence of societys increasing participation in sports and fitness activities, more physical therapists will be needed in the health care system to treat and help prevent knee, leg, back, shoulder, and other musculo-skeletal injuries. The need for physical therapists will continue to increase as new diagnostic and treatment equipment and methods are developed. I chose physical therapy for many different reasons. I do actually want to specialize in Sports physical therapy. I want to help people, and still be involved in sports one way or another. I was thinking about something in the field of engineering, but I decided I would like to stay in a career that is related to sports in some way. If this doesnt end up working out I guess I would be able to go back to college and figure out something else to do, but for now this is what I want to do. I have actually mentored with physical therapists and it seems like that is something I would be interested in. I want to help people and I would have fun trying to work with people who want to learn to do something again.

Why would early Christians celebrate Perpetua's death Assignment

Why would early Christians celebrate Perpetua's death - Assignment Example The execution of Perpetua for her faith can be termed as one of the indications of her commitment to Christianity just like other martyrs that need to be appreciated for their staunch support for Christianity (Logan, 23). The physical punishment combined with public humiliation, Perpetua went through in order to denounce Christianity can be termed as akin to what other Christian martyrs like Stephen went through and hence the need to celebrate Perpetua as a Christian martyr. The suffering and persecution that Perpetua went through symbolized obedience to the Christian values and was a reflection of what self-sacrifice for the sake of Christianity through death was important to make Christianity continue. The punishment and suffering that Perpetua went through makes her be celebrated as someone who used self-sacrifice as a form of empowering Christians to embrace the true values of Christianity. Saints Perpetua and Felicity, represent a symbol of people who embraced Christianity and accepted suffering as motivation for other Christians not to lose their faith by renouncing Christianity no matter what suffering and punishments they got for being Christians. Perpetua can be termed as one of the people who lived an extraordinary life along with the other martyrs who were killed with her and hence the reason why early Christians had to celebrate their lives as martyrs (Dronke 45). The commitment to Christianity that made her denounce even her father’s wish is one of the hallmarks of their martyrdom since Jesus said that whoever, decides to follow him have to be prepared to even leave their families for his sake (Butler 22). One of the main traits of a true martyr that needs to be celebrated is someone who can endure persecution for the sake of faith and yet not give up on his or her faith. This was one of the traits that were displayed by

GM Essay Example | Topics and Well Written Essays - 500 words

GM - Essay Example Through this structure the car design process speed up as the decision making of the global engineering and design groups was recentralized. GM had employed a 'Localization Strategy' in the beginning. With this strategy, although there was local responsiveness and the products were designed according to the demands of the various global divisions but due to this decentralized control in each country it operated, there was a duplication of the various activities like the design, component parts, manufacturing and sales functions in the various divisions which resulted in an increase in the costs of GM and therefore effected GM's revenues and profits. The company later implemented a 'Global Standardization Strategy'. This strategy was based on the product-group structure and aimed at coordinating the activities of home and overseas operations. Through this strategy by sharing expertise, the various divisions work together to design cars which can be sold anywhere across the globe. GM has been changing its global structure to allow it to coordinate the production and sale of its products most effectively around the world by the implementation of a "Global Standardization Strategy". GM has firstly centralized the car design and production decisions.

Favorite Possession Essay Example | Topics and Well Written Essays - 250 words - 1

Favorite Possession - Essay Example According to the findings, as a point of departure, my pet is a dog-named jimmy. Jimmy is one year, 3 months old. I find immense fascination in Jimmy because of numerous reasons, which include its appearance, courage, skilfulness and its charming actions. To start with, Jimmy is white with few black spots, which make it beautiful. I like the colour match because it brings happiness to me when am with Jimmy. On equal measure, the courage jimmy exhibits whenever he wants to attack is beyond comprehension. Jimmy is so courageous to defend me against a number of enemies. Jimmy is flexible and skilful. This makes him fierce when doing long-range attack on the enemy. He applies tactical moves, when he feels that someone might respond back and hit him. It is difficult to defeat Jimmy, because he is smart in his moves, which are enhanced by his long limbs and claws. I feel protected whenever I walk with Jimmy. He is a real warrior. Another fascinating aspect of Jimmy is the charming antics, which make me joyous and active whenever am tired or angry. He is a true friend who understands my mood pattern and responds to it appropriately.

Clinical Manifestation Of Osteomyelitis Nursing Essay

Clinical Manifestation Of Osteomyelitis Nursing Essay Osteomyelitis is the inflammation of the bone. This can be due to bacteria, fungi and germs PubMed Health 2012. Bone destruction, necrosis and formation of new bone or also called as involucrum are all features of chronic osteomyelitis. Osteomyelitis are characterised into two types depending where the infection originates. Homogenous osteomyelitis where the culprit of the infection such as bacteria, fungi or germs enters the bone through the lymphatic and circulatory systems and lodged in the small vessels, causing blockage in the bone. The bone will deprived of oxygen supply that causes thrombosis, ischaemia and eventually the bone will die, known as sequestrum (Marek 2007). The characteristic of bone inflammation is the accumulation of fluid, increased vasculature and leukocytes in the area. Bones caniculi will be sealed by exudates through the metaphysis, bone marrow cavity and into the cortex. As a result, this will lead to the formation of new bone by osteoblast, known, as invo lucrum. The infected materials escape through the opening of the involucrum into the soft tissues. The infectious materials will weaken the cortex of bone making it more prone to fracture (Marek 2007). Exogenous osteomyelitis is the infection starts at the soft tissues affecting the muscles and connective tissues that lead to the formation of abscesses oedema or this is known as Brodies abscesses (Marek 2007). Clinical Manifestation of Osteomyelitis The clinical manifestation of osteomyelitis generally includes general malaise or weakness, headache, anorexia and fever. The site of infection will exhibit redness, swelling, warm to touch, tender and usually contains purulent material (Marek 2007). The high dose intravenous antibiotic treatment for Mr. Andrews of three to eight weeks is necessary to kill the causative agents of the infection and prevent its reoccurrence (Marek 2007). What is PICC and the complications associated with the device? Peripherally inserted central catheter or PICC is a soft, long plastic tube inserted into the superficial vein proximal to the basilic or cephalic vein. The PICC is place for medication treatment such as antibiotic, chemotherapy and total parenteral nutrition (TPN) (California Pacific Medical Center 2012). Complications of the PICC are includes infection, occlusion, thrombosis and air embolism. Infection usually occurs either inside or on the insertion site. The area becomes swollen/tender, red and fever. The PICC line should be plush before and after the procedure to ensure patency of the line thus, preventing blood clot or thrombosis. The line should remained clamped and close after being used to prevent air from entering into the system (Erickson Field 2007). What information should be included in the nurses documentation of the dressing change? When changing the dressing the nurses should observe for signs and symptoms of systemic infection such as redness and swelling or any abnormalities on the surrounding area (Monahan et al 2007, p 1592). The documentation should include the date and time of dressing change, appearance of the wound or infection site, may take a photo of the infection or trace the wound using tracing paper. The location of the infection should be documented, any signs of granulating tissue or presence of slough material, purulent discharge and its amount and ask for patient of any pain around the site. What observations should be noted related to the exudates collected in the haemovac? The exudates collected in the haemovac should be noted. The amount or volume, color, odour and consistency should all be documented on the wound chart. The new data collected should be compared from the previous data to ensure that the wound discharge is decreasing. If not, the wound is not probably healing and infection is still going on. In this case, this should be reported to the doctor. Each of the medication below is prescribed for Mr. Andrews. For each provide the therapeutic drug classification and discuss the purpose of the medication for Mr. Andrews and potential adverse effect(s) that the nurse should monitor. Linezolid (Zyvox) oral is an antibacterial agent that inhibits the protein synthesis of the bacteria. This drug is use to treat infection on Mr. Andrews hip (Tiziani 2010, p 129). Some of the adverse reaction includes lactic acidosis, nausea and vomiting and low level of bicarbonate. If patient experience recurrent nausea and vomiting this should be reported to the doctor immediately (McKinnell, Jr. nd). Enoxaparin (Clexane) sub-cut is an anticoagulant medication use to prevent the formation of clot. This is usually given to patient after surgery and bedridden patient (Tiziani 2010, p 137). Patient should be monitor for any sign and symptoms of bruising or pain on the site, bleeding, haematoma, difficulty breathing or anything that is unusual (Tiziani 2010, p 138). Docusate Sodium (Coloxyl with Senna) oral is a laxative drugs use to prevent constipation. Mr. Andrews may experience constipation as a side effect to pain medication. This drug is given to alleviate restraining during defaecation . Some of the common side effects of the drugs includes: nausea, abdominal bloating and flatulence (Tiziani 2010, p 612). Tramadol hydrochloride (Tramal) oral- is a synthetic opioid analgesic for the treatment of pain. The adverse effects of the drug include nausea, anorexia, constipation, vomiting, dry mouth and many others. Important nursing consideration to consider if given to patient is to ensure that the patient will not develop dependency on the drugs Tiziani 2010, p 655). This drug will help alleviate Mr. Andrews pain due to surgical incision from his hip infection. Paracetamol (Panadol) oral is an analgesic and anti-pyretic medication. It is a short acting pain relief drug that is usually given in conjunction with slow release pain medication such as Tramadol. Avoid using with other Paracetamol drugs to prevent overdose and liver problems. Monitor patient for sign of overdose like nausea, lethargy, abdominal pain, hypotension, sweating and hypoglycaemia (Tiziani 2010, p 11-12). Conclusion If a wound is not looked after it can become a serious illness and even cause death. Osteomyelitis is one of the serious complication related to surgery, it is really a nasty disease that could paralysed or killed someone if left untreated. A proper monitoring and right treatment of the disease is the key to managing and controlling the adverse possible complication osteomyelitis can bring. The drugs used to treat the infection, surgery to the removed the dead tissues, maintaining aseptic technique during wound dressing and proper monitoring and documentation of the wound are essentials to keep the wound healed. There are also some important things to consider in giving the drugs to the patient to ensure that the drugs effectively does its intended job and there should be no major side effects to the patient.

Social Control Essay -- Sociology, Crime

Society is possible through social control. Without social control society would be left in anarchy. Social control is the â€Å"concerted efforts to constrain and direct the conduct of people by inducing conformity and preventing non conformity (Welch, Lecture, 2011).†Ã¢â‚¬Å"Social control is any action, either deliberate of unconscious, that influences conduct toward conformity, whether or not the person being influenced are aware of the process (Hemmens, Walsh, 2011, p.224).† Social control aims at creating a peaceful coexistence that allows society to live in a predictable manner. To the degree that members of a society abide by group rules and expectations, they will be able to know with some degree of certainty what others will do in a variety of situations (Hemmens, Walsh, 2011, p.224).† Society could not function with out a large amount of predictability. For example, drivers know not to drive through red lights because they have been socialized to understa nd the consequences of doing so. This allows the drivers crossing through the green light to predictable know that they can do so safely. To ensure predictability, social control also works to minimize non-conformity and deviance. Non-conformity challenges society’s sense of safety, security, propriety, and freedom (Hemmens, Walsh, 2011, p.224). Social control is exerted through formal social control and informal social control. Formal social control is â€Å"efforts by official agencies, acting in their designated capacity, to constrain and direct the conduct of people (Welch, Lecture, 2011).† Formal social control uses codified rules and regulations, or laws, which are punishable if violated. The criminal justice system uses formal social control in its practice. When individuals vi... ...ast as they could. If the police were more concerned with protecting Ron’s due process rights, Ron would have been protected from such an overzealous investigation and prosecution. Due process is the â€Å"equal treatment before the law; the constitutional mandate that criminal proceedings, from police to corrections, follow established rules or principles, that similar cases be handled in a similar fashion, and that a no person shall be adjudicated guilty without sufficient safeguards against state power (Welch, Lecture, 2011).† If Ron’s investigation and trial took the time to ensure that his rights were not being violated, and also weren’t tainted by police malpractice, Ron wouldn’t have been convicted of a crime he didn’t commit. An innocent man was put through a corrupt criminal justice system, and almost died because his due process rights were violated.

Place name disambiguation pages Essay

Have you ever heard the saying, â€Å"Don’t judge a book by its cover† and wondered what it meant? Sandra Cisneros, author of the short story, â€Å"Salvador Late or Early†, creates a frame of mind and brings fourth a sad and sympathetic feeling within the reader towards Salvador; who is a young boy with more weight on his shoulder than any average kid his size should have to bare. Cisneros uses imagery, diction, and characterizes Salvador as solitary, troubled, and as unnoticed child. Who takes on more responsibilities as a young boy than most would imagine at a glance, that any kid would have to endure. Author Sandra Cisneros uses simplistic tone to create a sympathetic frame of mind within the reader by using an range of imagery to grab the readers attention. Cisneros describes Salvador’s responsibilities, the way he looks, and where Salvador lives leaving the reader tender in thought toward Salvador. â€Å"Inside that forty-pound body of boy with its geography of scars, its history of hurt, limbs stuffed with feathers and rags†¦Ã¢â‚¬ (Cisneros) illustrate a weak, flimsy young boy with no sense of hope or direction. Cisneros then goes on to state, â€Å"In that vague direction where homes are the color of bad weather†¦,† painting a dark cloud over the home of Salvador inside the readers mind. Cisneros never gives the reader a specific age for Salvador but we can tell from the diction being used along with the specific details given to us by the author that Salvador is a young boy given an incredible amount of responsibility. The reader can also assume that Salvador has a head of the house type role. Also the reader immediately picks up on how poor Salvador and his family are when Cisneros writes, â€Å"combs their hair with water, feeds them milk and cornflakes from a tin cup in the dim dark of the morning. † This all being done by the young Salvador and by this passage the reader picks up on a depressing feeling that leaves the audience fascinated and worried at the problems this young boy is in. Cisneros labels the main character with great detail that he has a past shrouded in problem and puzzlement which in turn, leaves the reader mind with the question of what could have happened to this boy that left him with such with such a burden to carry. â€Å"Salvador whose name the teacher cannot remember, is a boy who is no ones friend,†¦Ã¢â‚¬  (Cisneros) this statement describes Salvador as a loner and not very out spoken considering his own teacher cant remember his name. In conclusion Sandra Cisneros creates a very graphic visualization of the characteristics that help the reader build an image and a diverse amount of feelings towards the character Salvador. Leaving the reader questioning the past of the young boy, which seems to eat away at his inner emotions and will continue to do so until there is nothing left but a empty shell of pain, and agony. Burdened at a young age with the role as the head of the household young, shy, Salvador is faced each day with obstacles not many his age must overcome. Filled with a past full of secrecy, Salvador pushes forward each day braving this storm not only for himself, but for his younger siblings and a â€Å"Mama†, who seems to be on her own also. Described as â€Å"his limbs stuffed with feathers and rags,† (Cisneros) a valid argument can be made that Salvador holds more than just pain, and agony within. One can argue that any young boy who has to burden the trouble and responsibilities that Salvador carries on his shoulders each day represents, the brave and determined will to go on not for himself but for the other he loves and that quality in anyone no matter size, or age makes them an amazing person.

Lawrence of Arabia and Imperialism

Lawrence of Arabia and Imperialism Free Online Research Papers We remember all the men and women who fought or sacrificed themselves in different ways in world war one. They are remembered for their bravery and determination to help our country. One man is remembered for more than that. He served his country well while trying to stand up for the little guy. T.E. Lawrence is remembered for his sacrifices and bravery while trying to help the Arab people. I think the film review, called â€Å"BFI Film Classics- Lawrence of Arabia† said it best when they stated â€Å"T.E. Lawrence remains one of the most appealing characters or ‘personalities’ in twentieth-century British history or one of its greatest poseurs†. Even though he loved his country he had a lot of sympathy for the Arabs and wanted what was best for them. This is shown in a spectacular movie called Lawrence of Arabia. This movie uses excellent characterization, along with good acting and directing, to help develop a strong theme about the power of imperialis m. The director shows us different points of view using one character, Lawrence. On one hand he is linked to European imperialism, and even helps it along because he knows what is going on the whole time with the French and the English wanting control over Arabia and he chooses to ignore it. On the other hand he is dedicated to the freedom of the Arab people. Lawrence feels torn between his homeland and its army, and his newfound comrades within the Arab desert tribes. All this helps us to understand the pressures on Lawrence. The major theme of this movie is that even a person with the best intention can let power blind them to what is really going around them. Such as when Lawrence knows what might be going on with the British in Arabia but the general makes him feel so important, this makes Lawrence believe in his own legend. His thirst for power and maintaining it is stronger than his thirst for justice of the Arab people. That is until he is captured beaten and suggestively raped. After this he knows he is not invincible as he once thought and he wants to quit but once again the general makes him feel like a hero again. This time he shows signs of doing it for the Arabs for a more justified reason. This Movie goes into great depth, it is very insightful and enjoyable to watch, and the theme is so easily interpreted. This movie was really a pleasure. As Stated by Kevin Jackson in â€Å"BFI film classics-Lawrence of Arabia†, â€Å"One cans help admitting to liking, and even admiring Lawrence of Arabia (1962)†. Lawrence and Brighten throughout the movie seem to be fighting on the same side for the same cause. Lawrence and Brighton actually happen to be foil characters with one another. Brighton happens to be a loyalist, who believes that his country is the best and there is no other better. He does what is best for the British army no matter what. Lawrence on the other hand is more sympathetic to the Arab people, and their culture and way of life. He even goes to say â€Å"The desert is your ocean. You may go where you please and strike where you please. This is how you have always fought you should not change it.† This scene is near the beginning of the movie when they are in Fesial’s tent. This scene shows us the foil between Lawrence and Brighton best. Lawrence argues with Brighton about whether or not they should fall back on Yenbo and become under the control and protection of the British army, or if they should take Aqaba. Brighton says â€Å"British and Arab interests are one in the same†. He is speaking of Arabia as if it were a British colony. They argue about if the Arabs need training or guns. Brighton states that Great Britain is a small country much smaller than Arabia and even smaller in numbers than most, but it is great because it has discipline and training. Lawrence agrees with king Fesial when he argues that the British are great because of their navy. This navy is their advantage over everyone else; Lawrence suggests that king Fesial use the desert as his advantage over the Turkish army. This goes against everything Brighton wants and this makes them character foils. Brighton even goes as far to call Lawrence a traitor to his country. Lawrence lets all the praise and power go to his head he falls for the same trick over and over again. He believes he is a prophet, the only man who can free the Arabs from their doom. Ultimately he believes what Jackson Bently has written him out to be. An example of this is when Lawrence returns to tell the general about their victory in Aqaba. The script goes like this: Lawrence-â€Å"We took Aqaba† General- â€Å"It isn’t possible† Lawrence- â€Å"Yes it is. I did it† Another example is when Jackson Bently is interviewing La wrence he asked him â€Å"What do these people have to gain?† He replies â€Å"Their freedom and I am going to give it to them.† Or when Arabs are looting trains and leaving for home because they have enough stuff, and leaving Lawrence with little men. He says â€Å"They will come and fight for me† or when he says â€Å"They will come for Dimaskis and I am going to give it to them†. All this is not entirely Lawrence’s fault. The General plays on his weakness for power by promoting him two ranks, to major, and announcing it to everyone in the game room. Even when he wanted to quit, the general made him feel like he was a very important part of winning the war and that they could not do it without him. Also Sheriff Ali makes him feel like he has ultimate power after he rescues Gasim from the desert, because he must execute him for killing one of the other tribesmen. Sheriff Ali makes him feel powerful by saying â€Å"You gave life and you took it † this makes him feel like he has the power of God himself because he is the only one who could do that. In this movie the director is very aware of imperialism and ultimately the racism toward Arabs. He uses it in this movie to help strengthen his theme, about British and French imperialism. The director also tries to suck us into the movie using the music to describe how Lawrence is feeling at the time and helps us to understand why he is feeling this way. The Variety Staff agrees with this statement in their article â€Å"Lawrence of Arabia† they say â€Å"Lean and cameraman Young have brought out the loneliness and pitiless torment of the desert with an artistic use of color and with almost every frame superbly mounted. Micheal Warre’s musical score is often overlooked but is always contributory to the mood of the film†. Eerie, even scary music is used when Lawrence is walking in the desert and comes to the conclusion to attack Aqaba by land. This lets us know how scared Lawrence is about doing this but he knows it is the only way. Another example is when Lawren ce rescues Gasim from the desert and the trumpets sound. This describes how Lawrence feels glad to be alive and how he feels like a hero. And he feels like he has gained some respect from Sheriff Ali. Throughout the movie sheriff Ali and Lawrence are character foils. The thing that is different about these two character foils is that by the end of the movie they switch into each other’s roles as the other’s foil. Toward the beginning of the movie sheriff Ali kills an Arab man in cold blood because he is drinking from his well. This man was Lawrence’s guide. While later or towards the end of the movie he feels sympathy for the Turkish army who is his enemy. While Lawrence at the beginning of the movie is furious with Sheriff Ali for killing this man they get into a huge argument. Then at the end of the movie Lawrence orders the slaughter of the Turkish army with no one left alive. This not only proves that they were character foils but also proves that they also switched roles sometime throughout the movie. Some saw T.E. Lawrence as a saviour. Others saw him as just a man, but people such as myself believe he was somewhere in between. He was just a man who wanted what was best for everyone but he had a dark side lusting for power. This flaw makes us realize he is just human and helps us to relate to the man. Throughout this movie the great acting, and directing made this movie enjoyable, but also helped to get an important theme across. While the effective characterization of Lawrence helped to strengthen it. Work Cited â€Å"BFI Film Classics- Lawrence of Arabia† Film Review, Nov2007, p124-124 Ceplair, Larry â€Å"Righting A Wrong: Paul Jarrico and the Correction of Blacklist-Era Screen Credits.† Cineaste, Fall2007, p30-33 Kemp Philip â€Å"Lawrence of Arabia† Sight and Sound, Nov2007, p93-93 â€Å"Lawrence of Arabia† Variety Movie Reviews, 12/30/1998, p1-1 Research Papers on Lawrence of Arabia and ImperialismWhere Wild and West MeetRelationship between Media Coverage and Social andQuebec and CanadaEffects of Television Violence on ChildrenAppeasement Policy Towards the Outbreak of World War 2Assess the importance of Nationalism 1815-1850 EuropeHonest Iagos Truth through DeceptionThe Effects of Illegal ImmigrationMarketing of Lifeboy Soap A Unilever ProductBringing Democracy to Africa

Istoria scrisului si a tiparului Essays - Free Essays, Term Papers

Istoria scrisului si a tiparului Essays - Free Essays, Term Papers Istoria scrisului si a tiparului Scrierea, cifrele, suportul pentru scriere i uneltele de scris toate produse ale minii omeneti continu s ocupe un loc important n toate domeniile de activitate i n toate manifestrile culturale i tiinifice. De-a lungul istoriei, popoarele au inventat diferite semne cu ajutorul crora notau fapte, ntmplri, idei. Obiecte simbolice, cum sunt o pasre, un oarece, o sgeat i o broasc, menionate de Herodot,alctuiau mesajul sciilor ctre Darius, regele perilor, cnd a pornit expediia mpotriva lor. i astzi sunt cunoscute semne simbolice, ca porumbelul alb a lui Picasso flamura alb ridicat pe front i altele. Semnele mnemonice, de asemenea sisteme primitive de scriere, care au fost ntlnite n multe pri ale lumii, sunt prezentate de nodurile de sfoar, rboj etc. Pictografia i ideografia au permis oamenilor s dea unui desen o valoare aproximativ fonetic, ajungnd la un pas de alfabet. Ideografia n zilele noastre este reprezentat de semnele de circulaie, semnele de aritmetic, chimie, astronomie etc. Scrierea hieroglif egiptean a fost descifrat abia n anul 1822 de ctre Champollion. Acest scriere era constituit dintr-un complex de semne format din psri, animale , flori, peti etc., ce erau aternute pe papirus de scribi aflai n poziie eznd, cu picioarele ncruciate i cu tblia sprijinit pe genunchi. Scrierea hieratic egiptean se realiza de la dreapta spre stnga. Scrierea cuneiform, folosit prin anul 3100 .d.Hr. prin locurile n care astzi este Kuweitul, era constituit din semne de forma unor cuie i se practica de obicei stnd n picioare, cu tblia n mna stng. Instrumentul de scriere era o bucat de trestie sau un lemn rotund ascuit, iar scrierea se citea de la stnga la dreapta. Vechea scriere chinez este o scriere ideografic ce s-a pstrat pn n zilele noastre. Direcia de scriere pe acelai rnd era de sus n jos, iar rndurile se succedau de la dreapta la stnga. Sensul unui cuvnt n limba vorbit se schim dup poziia sa n cuprinsul frazei, dup gestul care-l nsoete i dup nlimea muzical a tonului. Dicionarul realizat prin secolul XV-XVI d.Hr. coninea 44440 de ideograme. Treptat numrul lor a fost redus, iar n prezent se scrie pe orizontal, concomitent cu popularizarea noului alfabet cu litere latine. Scrieri ideografice mai sunt i cele folosite n Insula Petelui, scrierea Maya etc. Scrierea silabic a devenit posibil cnd nivelul cultural a fost mai ridicat i spiritul de observaie mai accentuat. Astfel s-a ajuns s se neleag c un cuvnt este format din sunete ce se pronun printr-o singur deschidere a buzelor, deci n silabe. Desigur, astfel se reduce numrul semnelor i scrierea devine accesibil unui cerc mai larg de oameni.n aceast categorie intr scrierile japonez, cipriot .a. Alfabetul este urmarea fireasc a unei ndelungate evoluii, cel fenician avnd meritul de a fi dat natere tuturor scrierilor alfabetice n general. Scrierea cursiv fenician, care a aprut pe la nceputul anului 500 .d.Hr., se realiza cu ajutorul a 22 de semne pe tblie de calcar, ulcioare sau papirus, de la dreapta la stnga pe orizontal. Datorit legturilor comerciale ale fenicienilor, alfabetul s-a raspndit din apus pn n rsritul ndeprtat, aprnd alte tipuri de scrieri, cu diferenieri pronunate fa de cea fenician, aa cum le cunoatem i astzi: scrierile siriene, alfabetul ebraic, scrierea brahmi, alfabetul arab etc. Alfabetul consonantic i vocalic grecesc dovedete cert originea sa fenician prin ordinea literelor, formelor apropiate i semne deosebite pentru vocale. Construcia literelor greceti a evoluat continuu, pentru ca n secolul V .d.Hr. s fie adoptat un alfabet complet. n secolul al IV- lea .d.Hr. apare forma cursiv, cu trasare mai rapid, apar legturile ntre litere i scrierea livreasc, ce d natere literelor minuscule aproape de forma actual. Acelai secol aduce semnul de sfrit de propoziie, care era format din dou puncte, iar ca semn de ntrebare punctul i virgula. Alfabetul latin a aprut ca o variant a celui grecesc. Introdus prin intermediul etruscilor, alfabetul latin s-a impus destul de repede, adaptarea fiind uoar, limba latin avnd mai puine consoane dect greaca. Din alfabetele grecei arhaice au fost preluate sunete, unele au fost modificate, altele reaezate. n locul vechilor denumiri, latinii au desemnat literele dup sunetul lor. Ca i grecii, vechii romani foloseau foloseau n scrierea monumental numai litere capitale, din care au derivat literele mari de tipar. Minusculele au aprut abia n secolul al V-lea d.Hr., dezvoltndu-se diferit

Post-Globalization Essay Example | Topics and Well Written Essays - 250 words

Post-Globalization - Essay Example One’s personal contention of globalization is parallel with the focus on â€Å"the process of interaction and integration among the people, companies, governments of different nations, a process driven by international trade and investment and aided by information technology† (The Levin Institute, 1). My search for other meanings of the term give credence to my belief that globalization consists of systems and operating processes that aim to ultimately be interrelated with global protocols on a continuously growing exchange of transactions among diverse countries and regions (Marzui, 2001, 1). As a process, globalization is more prominent in today’s generation due to technological advances that provided the impetus for improved intercultural interaction traversing borders, distance and time. The United States (US) continues to provide direction and significant influence to other countries in terms of applications on globalization. As the world’s most devel oped industrialized nation, the US has continued to support democratic ideals in terms of foreign trade, intercultural communication, preservation of the environment, adherence to ethical and moral standards, as well as promotion of human rights: all critical elements for sustained globalization efforts.

Successful implementation & methodology Essay Example | Topics and Well Written Essays - 2000 words

Successful implementation & methodology - Essay Example When implemented with these elements in mind, BPR can be successful and may be absolutely vital to the health of an organisation. The factors that impact a successful Business Process Reengineering (BPR) fall into the categories of implementation and environmental. The first factor to consider in the implementation is the design of the project. The project should be visionary and realistic. The design of the BPR needs to take into account the strategic goals of the business and consider the direction of the organisation. Timeframes must be adequate to allow for the team to accomplish its goals. There are key questions to be asked during project design phase. Will it provide any competitive advantage Will it remain competitive in the long term These questions require knowledge of the business environment. Grover et al. (1995 p. 112) asserts that " A major finding of the planned change approach indicates that implementation success occurs when commitment to change exists; commitment to the project exists; and the project is well defined and plans are clearly specified". The design team will need to know the product, the market, and the customers to complete a successful design. The redesign phase is one of the most important factors in any methodology. To be of any value, the redesign needs to be accompanied by a cost/benefit analysis. Is the redesign worth the cost of reengineering What are the risks involved with the redesign Radical change involves cost cutting measures that may impact vendors, suppliers, and employees. Stoddard & Jarvenpaa (1995 p.105) warns that, "... revolutionary change process might not be feasible given the risk and cost of revolutionary tactics". Companies need to assess the risk and evaluate the degree of change tolerance that they may be subjected to. Communication is another key factor to aid in the success of BPR. Management needs to communicate with the staff the scope and the motivation of the project. Communication is also essential to get employees to think about the new way of doing business. If the project involves downsizing, the workforce needs to be aware of the plans and the alternatives that will be provided. The design phase should include a Human Resources strategy. The major threads that run throughout the successful implementation of BPR are, "...communication, empowerment, people involvement, training and education, creating a culture for change, and stimulating receptivity of the organisation to change are the most important factors related to change management and culture" (Al-Mashari & Zairi, 1999 p.88). These issues revolve around the human resource issue. It is imperative that communication with the employees be

Fashion Brand Management Rizla Essay Example | Topics and Well Written Essays - 3000 words

Fashion Brand Management Rizla - Essay Example The essay "Fashion Brand Management Rizla" talks about the Rizla Brand Management. According to David Aaker (author of BRAND PORTFOLIO STRATEGY, 2004), a pervasive lack of understanding of the role of brands in a company's success is wreaking havoc on companies' bottom lines. Subsequently, many companies fail to make the most of their brand portfolios. This trend can be reversed to revitalise brands to support growth. Rizla held an exclusive gig by a five piece Brazilian electro-rock band called CSS. The Rizla-inspired event also featured a special guest performance by the legendary Jarvis Cocker. The objective was to position Rizla as an innovative brand, targeting the 18-24 year olds; a strategy invoked to identify Rizla as a brand, with the music crazy younger generation. This is brand equity. Interbrand is a leading brand consultancy that was founded in London in 1974. Interbrand combines a rigorous brand strategy and analysis of management consulting practices with the entrepren eurial and creative spirit of branding and design. It offers a comprehensive array of consulting services that help in the creation, enhancement, maintenance and valuation of a client’s most valuable asset, their brands. Unlike other brand value league tables, Interbrand relies not on just a single source for evaluating a brand, but refers to a wide array of primary and secondary sources that are applicable to each brand, such as Datamonitor, ACNielsen, Gartner, and Hall & Partners. Interbrand engages its network.... Interbrand combines a rigorous brand strategy and analysis of management consulting practices with the entrepreneurial and creative spirit of branding and design. It offers a comprehensive array of consulting services that help in the creation, enhancement, maintenance and valuation of a client's most valuable asset, their brands. Unlike other brand value league tables, Interbrand relies not on just a single source for evaluating a brand, but refers to a wide array of primary and secondary sources that are applicable to each brand, such as Datamonitor, ACNielsen, Gartner, and Hall & Partners. Moreover, Interbrand engages its network of brand valuation experts from offices around the world to ensure that the league table considers the brands from a global perspective (Interbrand, 2006). Brands are tools used to project a product in the minds of the consumer. They exist mainly by virtue of a continuous process concerned with delivering a cluster of values, interpreted and internalised by customers in such a way that it enhances its existence. The feedback that an organisation receives determines the likelihood of brand success (De Chernatony, Ch.2, p.14, 2000). An important aspect in managing contemporary fashion business is supply chain management. Once an order is placed, the manufactured product needs to reach the designated store or consumer. Retail environment constantly undergoes changes, and unless the product reaches the wholesaler or retailer on time, it could have severe economic and consumer pressure. Market responsiveness and meeting the demands of the ultimate consumer are major reasons for success in fashion. The fashion industry ranks fourth largest in the UK today. The end of the world war changed the face of

Farewell Address Analysis Essay Example for Free

Farewell Address Analysis Essay In 1976, former United States President George Washington delivered one of the most meaningful and talked-about Farewell Addresses. The Address was a combination of his personal thoughts on his presidency, as well as a warning and advice to the people of United States. Washington begins by telling his countrymen that it was originally planned to be delivered four years prior when he thought of retiring as president of United States. However, feeling that he is obligated to answer to the needs of the very people who elected him to his post, he decided to extend his presidency. Washington knew that his retirement would cause a lot of concern and anxiety among his fellow Americans and so he builds their confidence, and at the same time, warns them about the dangers of sectionalism, political factions, and foreign alliances. Sectionalism Washington stresses the need for unity throughout his Farewell Address, saying that this where the true success and liberty of the country depends on. He also warns against sectionalism; that is, having a state-centric rather than a Union-centric mindset. He further calls on to the American people to continue defending the Union against possible attacks from other countries who seek to destabilize the government. In addition, Washington warns his countrymen against misleading ideas propagated by the government’s enemies that United States is too big a territory to be handled by just one administration. He underscores that this seemingly large and fragmented territory can be bound by unity and cooperation. He reminds the people that regardless of the state they live in, or the regional boundaries that exist between and among them, they are, at the end of the day, all Americans. Thus, everyone should play his or her part in keeping the Union intact. Political Factions Another aspect that Americans should be on close guard, according to Washington, is the existence of political factions which seek to weaken, and later on overthrow the government. He points out that while people advocating political factions may seem to have reasonable arguments, they are ultimately doing it for personal, and oftentimes, greedy motives. Washington also alerts his fellow Americans that these people might use government policies or exploit certain provisions of the Constitution to carry out their selfish plans. He continues to warn the people about the dangers of having political parties in any government. He argues that political parties have always been viewed as enemies of the state because of their tendency to amass great power to destabilize the government or hit on their political rivals. While political parties may be useful in other forms of government, they are not necessary in a democratic government such as the United States. Foreign Alliances While Washington encourages the people to treat all people and all other countries with utmost respect and avoid engaging them in battles or disputes, he warns them against establishing long-term or permanent ties with foreign governments. This, he says, develops unnecessarily strong attachment to other countries which might negatively affect the government’s ability to establish sound foreign policies. Throughout this Farewell Address, Washington regards the American identity in the highest possible level, and calls on the people to continuously defend and protect this. His personal love of his country was also evident in his Address through the warnings and advice he issued to his fellow Americans. Moreover, his personal love for the country was evident in the contents of the Address. He did not leave without making sure that the country is strong and that the people are even stronger to take good care of it.

Essay on the Conflicts, Climax and Resolution in Rappaccini’s Daughter

The Conflicts, Climax and Resolution in â€Å"The Rappaccini’s Daughter†Ã‚  Ã‚  Ã‚  Ã‚  Ã‚  Ã‚  Ã‚  Ã‚        Ã‚   This essay will analyze Nathaniel Hawthorne’s â€Å"The Rappaccini’s Daughter† to determine the conflicts in the tale, their climax and resolution, using the essays of literary critics to help in this interpretation.    In the opinion of this reader, the central conflict – the relation between the protagonist and antagonist usually(Abrams 225) - in the tale is an internal one within Giovanni between his love for Beatrice and his Puritan belief in the depravity of man. His love for the beautiful daughter blinds him to various indications of her poisonous nature, to the evil nature of her father and to the intent of her father to involve Giovanni as a subject in his sinister experiment. An assortment of lesser conflicts ensue: Professor Baglioni’s battle against Rappaccini; Beatrice’s fight against her father; Beatrice’s battle against her power to kill and in favor of the power to love, etc.    The tale takes place in Padua, Italy, where a Naples student named Giovanni Guascanti has relocated in order to attend the medical school there. His modest room is in an old mansion watched over by the landlady, Dame Lisabetta, a two-dimensional character given to religious expletives like, ``Holy Virgin, signor!'' She seeks to make the customer content with his lodging; she answers Giovanni’s curiosity about a garden next-door: ``No; that garden is cultivated by the own hands of Signor Giacomo Rappaccini, the famous doctor. . . .†    Giovanni in his room can hear the water gurgling in Dr. Rappaccini’s garden, from an ancient marble fountain located in the center of the plants and bushes; of particular interest to Giovanni is â€Å"one shrub i... ... Beatrice dies, â€Å"the poor victim of man's ingenuity and of thwarted nature,† at the feet of her father and Giovanni. The catastrophe is that everyone loses except Beatrice; the doctor loses a daughter and â€Å"specimen†; Giovanni loses a lifetime partner and requires isolation from people as Beatrice did; Baglioni loses an intelligent student; even the landlady loses a renter.    WORKS CITED    Abrams, M. H. A Glossary of Literary Terms, 7th ed. New York: Harcourt Brace College Publishers, 1999.    Hawthorne, Nathaniel. â€Å"Rappaccini’s Daughter.† ElectronicText Center. University of Virginia Library. http://etext.lib.virginia.edu/etcbin/browse-mixed-new?id="HawRapp"&images=images/modeng&data=/texts/english/modeng/parsed&tag=public    Kazin, Alfred. Introduction. Selected Short Stories of Nathaniel Hawthorne. New York: Fawcett Premier, 1966.   

Democracy & Aristotle Essay

Democracy is widely recognized to have originated from ancient Greece, where much of its political philosophy was developed, particularly by Aristotle. However, Ancient Rome is also credited with significant contributions to the development of democracy. Etymologically speaking, the word ‘democracy’ equates to rule and strength from the people. This is an important notion to consider, as far too often the notion of democracy today has eroded into a belief that this rule and strength lies solely within the electoral process. While there is no denying the importance of elections, Lawrence Lessig (2004) contends that democracy also means rule by the people and opines that in the American tradition that means â€Å"control through reasoned discourse and debate. As such, democracy is exercised most by the people when they are actively engaged in civic affairs. Alexis de Tocqueville (2003), the 19th century French political thinker best known for his sociological travel writings on the United States, observed that this is best exemplified by the jury system. Unlike the elections, jurors did not just vote over the outcome to be imposed at the conclusion of a trial, but rather, they went through intense deliberation, attempting to persuade each other of the outcome. Results were obtained through argument, such that no juror could simply detach himself from the implications of his vote. Democratic theory, when applied to political governance, operates along two princioples. First, that the members of the democratic society in question have equal access to power, and second, that they enjoy freedoms and liberties which are universally recognized. (Dahl, Shapiro & Cheibub, 2003) In practice, this varies wildly, and as such, various strains of democracy exist, some which are less representative of the democratic essence than others. Democracy is better understood by contrasting it with other forms of governance. Aristotle observed that in an oligarchy or aristocracy, rulership is granted to a select few while in a monarchy, it is a single individual who holds the power of rulership. For Aristotle, the foundations of democracy lie in civic freedoms, and it is the only political system which permits the private citizen to have freedom. (No author, 2006) Furthermore, this freedom is a double-edged sword, a privilege and a responsibility. Not only is a government denied unquestioned hegemony over the citizen, but it is the responsibility of the citizen to ensure that the government fulfills its obligations. Additionally, this sense of equality is not contingent on the merits of the individual – class, occupation, etc. are not the basis for measuring rights, but rather distributed regardless of their station in life. In that sense, a democracy maintains an egalitarian appraisal of the individual’s political worth. The successful construction of a democratic political system requires the separation of powers. This is because in order for any political system to distribute power in the egalitarian fashion which defines the democratic ideal, it must be able to ensure that no one faction of the political system can attain enough power as to influence or control the others, for that would effectively dilute and perhaps destroy the democracy itself. (Williamson, 2004) As such, this means that any nation governed under the democratic principle operates under the presumption that its constituents are equal – not just its citizens (though it is crucial that they do) but the various institutions as well. Furthermore, the citizens possess various freedoms that cannot be overridden by the government, regardless of how contrary it may be to the government’s interests, such as the freedom of political expression through speech and press for the purposes of staying informed and declaring their personal interests. (Barak, 2008) REFERENCES Lessig, L. (2004) Free Culture: How Big Media Uses Technology and the Law to Lock Down Culture and Control Creativity. New York: Penguin Press. De Tocqueville, Alexis. (2003) Democracy in America. New York: Penguin Classics. Dahl, R. A., Shapiro, I. & Cheibub, J.A. (2003) The Democracy Sourcebook. Massachusetts: MIT Press. Williamson, T. R. (2004) Problems in American Democracy. Montana: Kessinger Publishing. Barak, A. (2008) The Judge in a Democracy. New Jersey: Princeton University Press. No author. (2006) â€Å"Aristotle (384-322 BCE): Overview.† The Internet Encyclopedia of Philosophy. Retrieved September 30, 2008 from: http://www.iep.utm.edu/a/aristotl.htm

Group Behavior and Processes Essay

GROUP BEHAVIOR AND PROCESSES Group behavior and processes in this paper is about a problem with a new low income government housing development and the illegal activities that have impacted the community in making the neighborhood unsafe. The author of this paper sees not only the different illegal groups behaviors as the problem in this scenario but also the behavior group that is supposed to be in charge of this low income government housing development as the problem also. This is the processes that the author of this paper would do to resolve a lot of these problems (Peak, 2012). WHAT KINDS OF INFORMATION WOULD YOU COLLECT TO ADDRESS PROBLEMS SUCH AS DRUGS, PROSTITUTION, AND VANDALISM? First you have to use the local law enforcement agency to come into this neighborhood and having them do round the clock undercover and stakeouts. Having the local law enforcement agency identify and keep accurate records on the main problem persons in the drug, prostitution, and vandalism issues. Also have the law enforcement agency document thoroughly everyone involved in doing illegal activity at the local convenience store that is close by. Try to make active narcotic buys, prostitution buys, and finding the  perpetrators in the vandalism problem and documenting them to make cases against each and every one in this small apartment unit neighborhood will help slow down and eventually alleviate the illegal activity in short order (Peak, 2012). You also need to identify all the bureaucrats involved in working at the low income government housing project. Find out with an external audit who makes the decisions in approving applications to move into this government housing unit and why their rules were broken allowing those with criminal records to move into this small 58 apartment housing unit. Once the external audit has found culpability, replace those involved in breaking the rules. Re-evaluate each and every application of those residents who have criminal records and place them in a separate file from the law abiding residents in the units.. (Peak, 2012). WHAT KINDS OF RESPONSES MIGHT BE CONSIDERED? The local law enforcement agency can take one apartment over and have a senior law enforcement officer move into the apartment and take up residence. By having an officer live in the apartment unit would give the residents a sense of stability in their unstable world. Having this form of community policing will get needed intelligence from residents to help fight the crime in this apartment unit. While patrol officers are patrolling the neighborhood they should each make it a point to stop at the convenience store for coffee stops and spend time on foot patrol in the area. Field interviews should be done with the individuals just hanging out. Make it known that law enforcement is in the area to stay. Monthly meetings need to be put together with the bureaucrats at the low income housing agency and law enforcement agency to keep each other informed on what is going on with these apartment units (Peak, 2012). WHAT TYPES OF ASSESSMENT WOULD YOU PERFORM? I would assess the local law enforcement agency with how much help are they giving the low income government housing agency for all their low income  housing units. The bureaucrats need to work together with the local law enforcement agency to eradicate the illegal activity. Once the local law enforcement agency has all the evidence they need to make cases, start the arrest process. When the arrest process takes place, eviction notices needs to go out to those with criminal records at the same time in coordination with the arrests. Once an apartment unit opens up the bureaucracy moves a new resident in with no criminal record and none on their children’s record. Every six months gradually going to once a year external audits need to assess the performance on the low income government housing agency to make sure the rules are being applied to make sure the safety of the residents are a priority (Peak, 2012). Reference Peak, J.K. (2012). _Justice Administration: Police, Courts and Corrections Management_ (7th ed.). Retrieved from The University of Phoenix eBook Collection database.

Gas Chromatography - What It Is and How It Works

Gas Chromatography - What It Is and How It Works Gas chromatography (GC) is an analytical technique used to separate and analyze samples that can be vaporized without thermal decomposition. Sometimes gas chromatography is known as gas-liquid partition chromatography (GLPC) or vapor-phase chromatography (VPC). Technically, GPLC is the most correct term, since the separation of components in this type of chromatography relies on differences in behavior between a flowing mobile gas phase and a stationary liquid phase. The instrument that performs gas chromatography is called a gas chromatograph. The resulting graph that shows the data is called a gas chromatogram. Uses of Gas Chromatography GC is used as one test to help identify components of a liquid mixture and determine their relative concentration. It may also be used to separate and purify components of a mixture. Additionally, gas chromatography can be used to determine vapor pressure, heat of solution, and activity coefficients. Industries often use it to monitor processes to test for contamination or ensure a process is going as planned. Chromatography can test blood alcohol, drug purity, food purity, and essential oil quality. GC may be used on either organic or inorganic analytes, but the sample must be volatile. Ideally, the components of a sample should have different boiling points. How Gas Chromatography Works First, a liquid sample is prepared. The sample is mixed with a solvent and is injected into the gas chromatograph. Typically the sample size is small in the microliters range. Although the sample starts out as a liquid, it is vaporized into the gas phase. An inert carrier gas is also flowing through the chromatograph. This gas shouldnt react with any components of the mixture. Common carrier gases include argon, helium, and sometimes hydrogen. The sample and carrier gas are heated and enter a long tube, which is typically coiled to keep the size of the chromatograph manageable. The tube may be open (called tubular or capillary) or filled with a divided inert support material (a packed column). The tube is long to allow for a better separation of components. At the end of the tube is the detector, which records the amount of sample hitting it. In some cases, the sample may be recovered at the end of the column, too. The signals from the detector are used to produce a graph, the chrom atogram, which shows the amount of sample reaching the detector on the y-axis and generally how quickly it reached the detector on the x-axis (depending on what exactly the detector detects). The chromatogram shows a series of peaks. The size of the peaks is directly proportional to the amount of each component, although it cant be used to quantify the number of molecules in a sample. Usually, the first peak is from the inert carrier gas and the next peak is the solvent used to make the sample. Subsequent peaks represent compounds in a mixture. In order to identify the peaks on a gas chromatogram, the graph needs to be compared a chromatogram from a standard (known) mixture, to see where the peaks occur. At this point, you may be wondering why the components of the mixture separate while they are pushed along the tube. The inside of the tube is coated with a thin layer of liquid (the stationary phase). Gas or vapor in the interior of the tube (the vapor phase) moves along more quickly than molecules that interact with the liquid phase. Compounds that interact better with the gas phase tend to have lower boiling points (are volatile) and low molecular weights, while compounds that prefer the stationary phase tend to have higher boiling points or are heavier. Other factors that affect the rate at which a compound progresses down the column (called the elution time) include polarity and the temperature of the column. Because temperature is so important, it is usually controlled within tenths of a degree and is selected based on the boiling point of the mixture. Detectors Used for Gas Chromatography There are many different types of detectors that can be used to produce a chromatogram. In general, they may be categorized as non-selective, which means they respond to all compounds except the carrier gas, selective, which respond to a range of compounds with common properties, and specific, which respond only to a certain compound. Different detectors use particular support gases and have different degrees of sensitivity. Some common types of detectors include: Detector Support Gas Selectivity Detection Level Flame ionization (FID) hydrogen and air most organics 100 pg Thermal conductivity (TCD) reference universal 1 ng Electron capture (ECD) make up nitriles, nitrites, halides, organometallics, peroxides, anhydrides 50 fg Photo-ionization (PID) make up aromatics, aliphatics, esters, aldehydes, ketones, amines, heterocyclics, some organometallics 2 pg When the support gas is called make up gas, it means gas is used to minimize band broadening. For FID, for example, nitrogen gas (N2) is often used. The users manual that accompanies a gas chromatograph outlines the gases that can be used in it and other details. Sources Pavia, Donald L., Gary M. Lampman, George S. Kritz, Randall G. Engel (2006).  Introduction to Organic Laboratory Techniques (4th Ed.). Thomson Brooks/Cole. pp.  797–817.Grob, Robert L.; Barry, Eugene F. (2004).  Modern Practice of Gas Chromatography (4th Ed.). John Wiley Sons.Harris, Daniel C. (1999). 24. Gas Chromatography. Quantitative chemical analysis  (Fifth ed.). W. H. Freeman and Company. pp. 675–712. ISBN 0-7167-2881-8.Higson, S. (2004). Analytical Chemistry. Oxford University Press ISBN 978-0-19-850289-0